W.L. Treadwell (1991).

Cited in

  • 2026-05-19-note-05 — Samanid dual structure — centralized core plus four-tier vassal periphery (Treadwell on Ibn Hawqal) (2026-05-19)
  • 2026-05-21-note-05 — Abu Bilal al-Khariji’s 874 allegiance to Yaʿqub b. al-Layth and the Khariji label on the early Saffarids — Treadwell via Tarikh-i Sistan (2026-05-21)
  • 2026-05-21-note-06 — Nizam al-Mulk’s Siyasatnama claim that Abu Bilal was Yaʿqub b. al-Layth’s nadim preaching Khariji daʿwa on his behalf, and Treadwell’s reasons to mistrust it (2026-05-21)